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Probability

A First Course

 for  post-calculus students 

(based on Stat 230

at the University of Waterloo )

The Gaussian Distribution

 

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss 1777-1855  was a German mathematician who made major contributions to Mathematics, Probability and Statistics.  The Normal or Bell-shaped distribution is referred to as the Gaussian distribution in his honour. 

Basic Probability 

Probability is everywhere, from weather forecasts to the assessment of  climate change, the selection of portfolios of investments,  or the efficacy of drugs and treatments for various diseases.  Understanding Probability and assessing risk is an essential part of most jobs, and fundamental to understanding our  modern world. Here you will learn what probability is, how it is used, and how to construct models for various applications.

Combinatorics and Counting
 

So you thought you could count!  But can you count really large sets? How many ways can 5 cards drawn from a standard deck of 52 result in two pairs ( for example 2 threes, 2 eights, and one other different card?  Counting large sets is the first step in sampling from large populations and determining probabilities.  We start here; how to count, but travel far.....

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